Swatch Marketing Stratagy Free Essays

Competitive analysis It is the vital part of marketing . its purpose is to determine the strengths and weakness of the competitors within the market. Porter’s five forces analysis for swatch can be interpreted as follows, New entrants-Strong brand reorganization and customer loyalty- swatch is a popular brand among customers substitution. We will write a custom essay sample on Swatch Marketing Stratagy or any similar topic only for you Order Now But as swatch products are simple, accessible, playful and colorful and different parts coat very low , so swatch can be attacked by new entrants. Substitution – Many brands provide with range of similar styles. everal Chines and Japanese companies manufacture low price watches with similar style or design. -The thread form counterfeit product- some electronic devise can be used to get the time ,like cell phone, iphone or ipod. Buyer power – It is high in this industry simply due to the presence of so many competitors selling the same products. It is only different in price and consumers loyalty. buyer bargaining power depends on some criterias such -as price – swatch has lower and reasonable price, quality is high , style— color full plastic watch, different design for different occasion . As swatch has lot of competitors so buyer has high bargaining power. Bargaining power of suppliers Swatch watch components are usually made in low labor cost countries with a low to medium quality and they are assembling in Switzerland. So suppler do not have strong influence . so lot of suppliers are involved and bargaining power is low. Overall intensity of rivalry— -intense competition within a very crowded market. Japanese company sicko has a big market in the world with low price and low production cost. Or Chinese watch like have also competitive benefit in the markets. Marketing Strategy Mission Swatch’s mission is to offer low cost, high quality, and accurate watch with synthetic material. Marketing Objectives – Become the creative and innovative leading brand in global market . – Establish strong brand image in the mind of consumers . Financial Objectives – Increasing sales by 2012 to 8 billion. – The Swatch Group’s gross sales grew 14. 4% June 2012 . Segmentation and Targeting Segmentation is to divide a market into distinct groups of buyers with different needs, characteristics of behavior, who might require separate products. They considered some factors such as Geographic: No particular segmentation as Swatch is sold all around the world Demographic: Gender: male and female In 2007, 11. 1% of women bought watches for self, while 9. 3% went to men. 5. 3% of women bought watches for someone else, while 3. 4% went to men. Age: 15-19, 20-24 and 25-34In terms of amount of people who purchased watches during 2007, The first age group accounted for 23. 4%; The second age group occupied 18. 1%; The third age group had 16. 9%. They also making watch for kid. Psychographic: Lifestyle: People that exhibit an urban lifestyle or they are passionate about fashion and follow new trends, Personality Spontaneous, impulsive, extrovert people, people usually motivated by sentiment and the ones that do not think twice before they buy . Behavioral: Loyalty status: High loyal user pool that is maintained through frequent offering of new designs – Attitude: At least positive attitude to new products. Buyer readiness: Impulsive audience, receptive to buy after a new launch – Occasion/seasonality: There are 2 launches per year in order to follow the trends in the fashion world. Targeting -With low price and high quality, Swatch is targeting to this customer segment that seeks a good and reasonable compromise between price, quality and stylish design. -They focus on working women age rage 24 to 35. It is clear that female purchasing goods for themselves more than male and they take the lead in the whole market. as well as lifestyle, women willing to spend more on themselves. – They also target people base on marriage status like single and married person who are more established in independent and lifestyle. Positioning Their high quality but low price makes customers move to multi-ownership across a range of looks and price points. Strategic Options Strategic Choice Swatch has a strong brand image and customer loyalty. In order to maintain and take advantages of such strengths, Swatch should adopt the market-penetration strategy which means to sell existing products into existing markets with the objectives of securing the dominance of current market and increasing market share from current products. If they cut their products price it may damage the reputation and reduce their profit or if hey develop a new product it might cost much money and time to do market research and product test . Marketing Mix Decision Swatch marketing mix is made of the following four aspects: Product – Customization — to personalize the watch to fit customers taste and make it more unique – Special features emphasize more special and limited edition for a youthful, innovative and exciting look. Pri ce – Premium price — to reflect the exclusiveness, limited and high quality of the product; Place -To open duty-free shops in the airports such as Gatwick and Birmingham airport. Promotion They use effective promotion strategy to create new market. – Celebrity endorsement — to invite Leona Lewis and use her image -Advertising — Print and broadcast ads/Posters and leaflets/Billboards – Direct Interactive marketing — E-mails/mobile messages/ Web sites and – iPhone or iPad apps to watch their new collection and new events. – Sponsorship big sporting events such as the Olympics. -They provided online sales in different countries- London, mala. – To put banner on the Internet such as Face Book To increase brand awareness and standard of retailing capability they set up Tech-Airport Company to display its variety brands in air port, know as tax free stores. Like international airport in France. – Omega was the official timekeeper of the Olympic Games in London and also feature in the new James Bond named-SKY FALL. Recent campaigns Following campaigns were recently pushed specifically for swatch watches Color Codes—This collection is a 80s throwback to the swatch watch history. This product is monochromatic but come in multiple colors. Fashion magazine designers are asked to participate in a contest, in and asked to design spreads to promote the product line with the theme â€Å"how do you wear it†. Consumer started voting for the best spread. Additionally facebook campaign in which consumers uploaded pictures of themselves wearing swatch watches, allow a winner to win all 20 color Code watches. There are other campaigns called â€Å"Swatch Snowpass/ access†, â€Å"CreArt† â€Å" Street Club†. Distribution channel—- Swatch group created independent distribution channels , its distributors are spread widely in Europe, Americas , Oceania, ,Asia, Middle East and Africa .. Retailing strategy– Swatch group created several retailing strategies to keep close contact with customers. Monobrand stores connecting with all the fashion shopping centers in the world including Paris Milan and London, New York city and Beijing , Shanghai and Hong Kong in Asia. Tour million boutiques in the world to retail famous brand watches they have. They majority of boutiques are in the Europe, 2007 they opened large tour million boutique in Beijing in China. Some other boutiques are controlled by local country, swatch use those stores to sell their single products. As a result In the first half of 2012 swatch’s sales were up 14% aided by expansion of its distribution and retail network. That why the Group continues to invest heavily in production. Approximately 40% of the investments in this segment go toward the expansion of capacities, approximately 50% toward new production technologies and new products, and approximately 10% toward the replacement of existing capacities. Global market To lead the golbl market company follow some stratagees– -Must have style -Must be priced competitive -Must be cheap to make -Be durable A technological lead. All those elements enable the swatch to expand business in overseas and attacked customers from countries with different preference and abilities. Manufacturing centers located all over the world mainly Switzerland, German, France , Italy , the U. A , virgin Islands, Thailand, Malaysia and china. Training center—They focus also remains on the further education and training of employe es or watchmaker at the various training centers in Switzerland and abroad. There are now five schools located in  (China),   (Malaysia), (Germany), and in Miami  (United States). There is also a partnership arrangement with the British School of Matchmaking  in Manchester. CUSTOMER Swatch group concentrated emotional value of the customers, 1. INDENTIFY CUSTOEMRS-To identify customer , swatch always carry out extensive research and analyses patterns of consumer, behaviors and life style, Swatch that completely changed the concept of the wrist watch that why watches becomes a fashion accessory first and a watch second. 2. SEGMENTATION- Swatch makes segmentation base on age , gender , personality , lifestyle. 3. CONVY THE NEED OF CUSTORS-emotional value lies into why a particular product is desired or not desired. They recognized that it is important to manufacture goods that will persuade the consumer to purchase particular brand. Consumer’s opinion and consumers find swatch has â€Å"great quality, cool, timeless and durable. For some people swatch watches â€Å"bring back memories† and they are also a great gift or versatile. fashion conscious consumers collects a dozen or more , as swatch are sold as fashion accessories, consumers are encouraged to buy more than one to match with different set of clothes or lifestyles . The average swatch customers in Britain today own three different models. How to cite Swatch Marketing Stratagy, Essay examples

Free Sample- What are Australian Consumer Law Exclusion Clauses

Question: Discuss about theAustralian Consumer Lawfor Exclusion Clauses. Answer: Introduction As far as the Australian Contract Law goes, it can be said that an exclusion clause becomes invalid in any contract if it extends its scope in such a way that it avoids liability for conduct beyond the scope of the contract in any way[1]. This has changed in several ways over the years. This concept shall be discussed in this paper taking into account two Australian Case law namely Sydney City Council v West and Thornton v Shoe Lane Parking Ltd. upon a discussion of the cases, the similarities and differences in the rulings shall be analyzed and a relation of these cases to the current Australian Legal System shall be established. Sydney City Council v West West arrived in a car park and was thereon given a ticket which contained a clause that disclaimed responsibility and was found to be worded too widely. It was also stated that unless the ticket is presented, the car shall not be allowed to be picked up. Subsequently, West's car was stolen, and the Council relied on the exclusion clause to refrain from any liability that lay on them. It was held that to establish the validity of an exclusion clause, one need to look into the matter of construction and analyze whether it fits into the contract overall or not. Windeyer J dismissed that there was no notion that there, in fact, existed any rule of law that would cease the operation of an exclusion clause about the fundamental breach of one question that relates to the interpretation of the exclusion clause. It should be noted that the High Court while deciding on the matter did not rule out the exclusion clause but because it was held to be a fundamental breach of law[3]. It was held that the appellant failed to take proper and necessary care because the exact way in which he should have delivered the car was not dined with them in reality and it thus amounted to an act of negligence on their part. Thus, the council in the matter was held liable for the loss that West had undergone. Thornton v Shoe Lane Parking Ltd P got a ticket from an automatic car park and the ticket stated that the conditions of parking on the inside of the park were to be taken under subjected conditions. Thereafter an accident took place and D was held to be not liable in the matter. The issue that arose was whether P was subject to the exemption clause or not. The law in this regard stated that a clause cannot be incorporated once a contract has been entered into and concluded. It is mandatory that all clauses should be brought about by either party in the contract before the offer is given and the acceptance is taken of the offer[5]. It has been held that if a condition has been brought to the notice of a person after the offer has been accepted by him, the it does not form a part of the contract and thus, a higher standard of reasonableness is brought in the matter which requires that whenever limiting the liability arises, then the limits should be brought to the notice of the concerned party before the contract is b eing concluded between the two[6]. Since in this case, the contract was concluded at the entrance only, it was held that no further conditions imposed by the contract could be held to be valid once the contract is being concluded. Alterations made by way of exclusion clauses at a later stage amounted to invalid terms and were held to be not successful ones. Similarities and Differences in the Rulings Taking into account the cases discussed above, it can be said that Courts have taken various different interpretations of the existence of exclusion clauses over time. The presence of an exclusion clause does not limit the liability in all instances and its interpretation should be done by the Courts taking into account all the merits and the demerits of the particular case in question[7]. In the rulings discussed above, it can be said that there were similarities between the two because the Courts did not consider that the mere presence of an exclusion clause is a valid ground to eliminate liability in all instances. On the other hand, it can also be said that there are differences between the opinions expressed in the matter. While the former gave a clear view that an exclusion clause does not give unlimited exclusions to the benefiting party, the latter clearly gave a boundary on which an exclusion clause actually resides[8]. The case of West explained that the purview of an exclusion clause is not unlimited. On the other hand, the case of Thornton laid down the principle that an exclusion clause should not be considered to be applicable only because it is present in any contract. The presence of the same should be justified on identifiable ground and hence the application should be analyzed after making a thorough examination of the clause once it is invoked. Relation to Current Australian Legal Position under Australian Consumer Law As far as the law in Australia is concerned, exclusion clauses are dealt with under the Australian Consumer Law and Schedule 2 of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010, (Cth). It has been clearly stated by the law that an exclusion clause becomes effective only when it forms a part of the legally binding contract between the parties in concern[9]. At present, exclusion clauses become valid in any contract only if the party taking benefits under the same can prove beyond any reasonable doubt that the other party acceded to the terms of the exclusion clause and agreed to those conditions prior to conclusion of the contract[10]. This indicates that the law at present has been consistent on following the principle established by the case of Thornton. The law also states that an exclusion clause cannot be used to derive undue and unlimited advantages in any situation. There have been instances where the High Court of Australia ruled that where the exclusion clause has been used by one party to derive undue benefits and put the other party in a disadvantageous position, the use as held to be against the scope of the clause and thus not allowed. This proves that the precedent developed in the case of Sydney City Council has been in practice ever since it was ruled in Australia. The Australian Consumer Law thus can be said to be limiting the effectiveness of the application of exclusion clauses that are contained in any contract. The law at present has certain provisions that make it unfair, unconscionable harsh and oppressive to deal with terms of any contract. For instance, the law at present provides and extends protection for the consumers who are [provided with a standardized form of consumer contracts like for instance a contract entered into for the accumulation of goods or services that a personage corresponds to the moment he clicks an I agree' icon in any web page. The law also provides all kinds of protection from unfair, unconscionable, harsh and oppressive terms under not only the Australian Consumer Law but also the Contracts Review Act 1980. The law states that those rights and remedies that are created by the ACL cannot be excluded and such terms if introduced are void[11]. Under Section 60 of the Act it has been provided that contracts for the supply of services to consumers come with an implied warranty and that cannot be breached. Similarly, under Section 64, it has been provided that the failure to return a registration card does not extinguish the statutory rights and exclusion clauses against such terms are invalid in the eyes of law[12]. Certain terms also remain in action for location in time period. It has been provided under Section 54 that even if there is a time bar on certain products, yet the rights of consumers shall continue to be in existence in case there are inherent defects in the goods[13]. Thus, it can be said that t he ACL does not validate any unnecessary and undue terms that are included in any exclusion clause or contract. Conclusion It can be concluded from the above discussion that there have been changes in the validation and interpretation of exclusion clauses over a long tenure. However, the Australian Consumer Law at present has refined itself in such a way that no undue advantage is extended to the people in any contract and at the same time, the benefits are not taken away by the law as well. It has taken into account the various case laws that have shaped the interpretation of the exclusion clauses and thus, in this way, it has taken a form that is largely dependent on construction and harmonious interpretation of the law. The application of the case laws is being continued to be taken into account in the court cases. References Corones, S. G,The Australian Consumer Law(Thomson Reuters (Professional) Australia, 2011) Miller, Russell V,Miller's Australian Competition And Consumer Law Annotated(Thomson Reuters (Professional) Australia, 2011) Turner, C. F,Australian Commercial Law(LBC Information Services, 2001) McCann v Switzerland Insurance[2000] HCA Norwest Refrigeration Services Pty Ltd v Bain Dawes (WA) Pty Ltd[1984] HCA Rich v CGU Insurance Limited[2005] HCA Sydney City Council v West(1965) 114 CLR Thornton v Shoe Lane Parking Ltd(1971) 2 QB Arts Law : Information Sheet : Disclaimers, Exclusion Clauses And Risk Warnings(2016) Arts Law https://www.artslaw.com.au/info-sheets/info-sheet/exclusion-clauses-disclaimers-and-risk-warnings/ Exclusion And Limiting Terms | Free Contract Law Essay | Law Teacher(2016) Lawteacher.net https://www.lawteacher.net/free-law-essays/contract-law/exclusion-and-limiting-terms.php Exclusion Clauses - Stephen Wawn Associates Sydney Legal Experts Will Disputes(2016) Stephen Wawn Associates Sydney Legal Experts Will Disputes https://www.stephenwawn.com.au/commercial-law-litigation-disputes/pure-economic-loss-caused-by-negligent-misstatement-and-the-duty-of-care/exclusion-clauses/ Exclusion Clauses And The Australian Consumer Law(2016) Lawhandbook.sa.gov.au https://www.lawhandbook.sa.gov.au/ch10s02s06s01.php Thornton V Shoe Lane Parking Ltd | Case Brief Summary(2016) Casebrief.me https://casebrief.me/casebriefs/thornton-v-shoe-lane-parking-ltd/

The Summary Paper Joseph Conrad’s The Heart of Darkness Essay Example

The Summary Paper: Joseph Conrad’s The Heart of Darkness Essay There are different communities and different cultures on the Earth. Yet all of them consist of the same entities – human beings. Joseph Conrad’s The Heart of Darkness proves the point that respect for other cultures helps to keep the human self in the alien surroundings. Modern critical responses to the book show how valuable it is even nowadays, when the world seems to be more humanistic than in the 19th century. The story is called the â€Å"longest journey into self†, â€Å"a sensitive and vivid travelogue†, and â€Å"an angry document on absurd and brutal exploitation† (Guerard, 1987, p. 5).I will try to prove the points stated above by analysing the attitudes, which the characters of the story demonstrated to the other culture. I want to comment specifically on Marlow’s reasons to start for Africa; on the significance of â€Å"darkness† in the story; and of Conrad’s perceptions of colonization. I argue that in The Heart Of Darkness we are taught that violating people and cultures, which are different to ours, may seriously damage a human soul.Marlow seems to travel to Africa for several reasons. First, he made his child dream alive with admiration of â€Å"all the glories of exploration† (Conrad, 1946, p. 52) and â€Å"many blank spaces on the earth† (ibid.). Significant is his fascination with â€Å"a mighty big river†, on the African map, which resembled in his mind of â€Å"an immense snake uncoiled, with its head in the sea, its body at rest curving afar over a vast country, and its tail lost in the depths of the land† (ibid.). Marlow recalled that this snake-like river mesmerized him as if he was a bird.In the beginning of the narration, it is obscure why Marlow, first, refers to Africa among the places unexplored as delightful, and then, suddenly, speaks about â€Å"a place of darkness† (ibid.). One critic assumed that Africa â€Å"functions in the novel as a ‘foil’ for Europe, constituting a negative, blank space onto which is projected all that Europe does not want to see in itself, everything that is abhorrent and abject† (Brown, 2000, pg. 2). In our minds, snake symbolizes danger and seduction. It seems that the image of mysterious continent seduced Marlow into â€Å"the night journey into the unconscious, and confrontation of an entity within the self† (Guerard, 1987, p. 9).Marlow was not a businessman to get ivory at the Belgian trade stations. He was a sailor of peculiar sort, â€Å"a seaman, but he was a wanderer, too† (Conrad, 1946, p. 48). Marlow refers to the black continent as â€Å"the farthest point of navigation and the culminating point of my experience† (Conrad, 1946, p. 51). To him the desire to reach the river, which he has been dreaming about since the childhood, was somehow unreasonable. â€Å"I must get there by hook or by crook† (Conrad, 1946, p. 53), he explained to the listeners of his story about Mr. Kurtz.From the very beginning, the narrator underlines a strange uneasiness about the travelling obsession, as if â€Å"instead of going to the centre of a continent, I were about to set off for the centre of the earth† (Conrad, 1946, p. 60). The atmosphere of mystery and bad expectations is created by the author through the striking contrasts of dark and light, which are described in details by Marlow.At first thought, a reader thinks of the juxtaposition as natural distinction between England, where â€Å"the water shone pacifically; the sky, without a speck, was a benign immensity of unstained light; the very mist on the Essex marshes was like a gauzy and radiant fabric† (Conrad, 1946, p. 46); and Africa with â€Å"colossal jungle, so dark-green as to be almost black, fringed with white surf† (Conrad, 1946, p. 60). As Guerard puts it, â€Å"the introspective voyager leaves his familiar rational world† (1987, p. 10), where everything is seen through the light lens. On the contrast, African river, the former fairy-tale snake, turns into the â€Å"streams of death in life, whose banks were rotting into mud, whose waters, thickened into slime, invaded the contorted mangroves, that seemed to writhe at us in the extremity of an impotent despair† (Conrad, 1946, p. 62). Guerard on the point of death references states, â€Å"And even Kurtz, shadow and symbol though he be, [†¦] is sharply visualized, an ‘animated image of death,’ a skull and body emerging as from a winding sheet, ‘the cage of his ribs all astir, the bones of his arm waving’† (1987, p. 14), proceeding with the remark, â€Å"This is Africa and its flabby inhabitants† (ibid.). Thus, a negative conceptualization of Africa as a dark, mysterious and perilous place is evident here. There white men become shadows of death and repulsive in their change.Besides scenery-based references to dark a nd light, there is another important realm where this contrast plays a significant role. That is the relationships of different races on the African continent. Marlow stresses that he is â€Å"not particularly tender† (Conrad, 1946, p. 65). Yet this mature and harsh man is beyond himself with bewilderment, sorrow, disgust and even terror at watching how hard native people were exploited by Belgian colonizers. The scene when he arrives at the trade station and meets the party of chained black starving ragged creatures doing unbearably hard work is striking. He speaks of devils there, comparing â€Å"the devil of violence, and the devil of greed, and the devil of hot desire† (Conrad, 1946, p. 65) to â€Å"a flabby, pretending, weak-eyed devil of a rapacious and pitiless folly† (Conrad, 1946, p. 65), evidently meaning colonization.The key to the understanding of genuine yet implicit motives the author held in mind when contrasting dark and light is Marlow’s reference to England as â€Å"one of the dark places of the earth† (Conrad, 1946, p. 48). He proved his point by reconstructing the behavior of the Romans during the colonization of the British Isles. However, Marlow does not call them colonizers. Neither does he give such name to the Belgian pilgrims in Africa, which means that he â€Å"establishes certain political values† (Guerard, 1987, p. 14). Brown assumes that â€Å"in Marlows account of his journey [†¦] there can be observed an obscure vacillation between the horror as an effect of colonial intervention and the location of the horrors cause as the environment itself† (2000, pg. 6). The negative attitude to colonization, therefore, is implicit in the story, when â€Å"colonial intervention [†¦] loses its possible critical edge by remaining an account merely of atrocious things happening in the colonies. This contrasts to the perversion of the Wests self-image†, as Brown proves (2000, pg. 6).Africa became a suitable territory for â€Å"the devotion to efficiency† (Conrad, 1946, p. 50) with its rich natural resources. There any man of white skin was regarded as â€Å"an emissary of light† (Conrad, 1946, p. 50) regardless of his personal qualities. And native people were seen as black ants in the fierce sun whose destiny was to carry loads and do dirty job. The living symbol of darkness in its specific sense which Conrad creates in the story is Mr. Kurtz, the most successful trading agent of the Company. Marlow is sent to pick him up from the farthest station with his loot of ivory. It appears that speaking about â€Å"heart of darkness† (Conrad, 1946, p. 95), Marlow did not mean the dark tint of African rivers or the dark color of the bush. Instead, he spoke about â€Å"the triumphant darkness† (Conrad, 1946, p. 159) of a white ruthless colonizer like Mr. Kurtz.In the end, Marlow recalls â€Å"the colossal scale of [Kurtz’s] vile de sires, the meanness, the torment, the tempestuous anguish of his soul† (Conrad, 1946, p. 156). A poor man who was unable to marry the woman he loved, Kurtz became a successful trader who served at his best for the Company but never forgot his own promotion. In his strive to be an honoured member of the high and prosperous society, Kurtz stomped over all human virtues of respect, morals, servitude and humanism. The dry heads, which surrounded his last camp in the African wilderness, symbolize the dryness of his human nature. Kurtz was a gifted and charismatic leader. However, he embodies the â€Å"triumph for the wilderness, an invading and vengeful rush† (Conrad, 1946, p. 156). Marlow refers to him as a â€Å"soul satiated with primitive emotions, avid of lying fame, of sham distinction, of all the appearances of success and power† (Conrad, 1946, p. 147).My Intended, my ivory, my station, my river, my everything belonged to him. It made me hold my breath in expec tation of hearing the wilderness burst into a prodigious peal of laughter that would shake the fixed stars in their places. Everything belonged to himbut that was a trifle. The thing was to know what he belonged to, how many powers of darkness claimed him for their own. (Conrad, 1946, p. 116)â€Å"Marlows temptation is made concrete through his exposure to Kurtz, a white man and sometime idealist who had fully responded to the wilderness: a potential and fallen self†, Guerard assumes (1987, p. 9). Marlow calls Kurtz devil because no human being is allowed to be so atrocious and reckless in his desire to suppress people who are different than he, a white dominant male. His blindness to diversity – of cultures or human values – drives him to death and creates the atmosphere of darkness dominating.The idea of dominance is criticized by Marlow and Conrad as the author:The conquest of the earth, which mostly means the taking it away from those who have a different co mplexion or slightly flatter noses than ourselves, is not a pretty thing when you look into it too much. (Conrad, 1946, p. 50-1)Now we can recall once again the discourse about the Romans colonizing the Britons. Then, Marlow spoke of the warriors amidst the alien tribes who spoke different language, awful climate and etc. â€Å"They were men enough to face the darkness†, he admits almost admiringly (Conrad, 1946, p. 49), meaning that they faced difficulties and performed their duties well. However, closer to the end of the story the narrator seemed to be more indignant with â€Å"the seed of commonwealths, the germs of empires† (Conrad, 1946, p. 47). Those germs, which remind us of some contagious disease, makes one man suppress the other, who is no less unique or significant. The detailed depictions of starving natives aim at teaching the lesson of tolerance and acknowledging the diversity. Kurtz, a white colonizer, in his obsession with power, appears to be more barb arous than the people he suppressed. Though energetic and charismatic, Kuntz dies as well as the idea of colonization in the modern world. This proves the initial argument about ominous results cultural and human violation brings to human soul and body. The Summary Paper Joseph Conrad’s The Heart of Darkness Essay Example The Summary Paper: Joseph Conrad’s The Heart of Darkness Paper There are different communities and different cultures on the Earth. Yet all of them consist of the same entities – human beings. Joseph Conrad’s The Heart of Darkness proves the point that respect for other cultures helps to keep the human self in the alien surroundings. Modern critical responses to the book show how valuable it is even nowadays, when the world seems to be more humanistic than in the 19th century. The story is called the â€Å"longest journey into self†, â€Å"a sensitive and vivid travelogue†, and â€Å"an angry document on absurd and brutal exploitation† (Guerard, 1987, p. 5). I will try to prove the points stated above by analysing the attitudes, which the characters of the story demonstrated to the other culture. I want to comment specifically on Marlow’s reasons to start for Africa; on the significance of â€Å"darkness† in the story; and of Conrad’s perceptions of colonization. I argue that in The Heart Of Darkness we are taught that violating people and cultures, which are different to ours, may seriously damage a human soul.Marlow seems to travel to Africa for several reasons. First, he made his child dream alive with admiration of â€Å"all the glories of exploration† (Conrad, 1946, p. 52) and â€Å"many blank spaces on the earth† (ibid.). Significant is his fascination with â€Å"a mighty big river†, on the African map, which resembled in his mind of â€Å"an immense snake uncoiled, with its head in the sea, its body at rest curving afar over a vast country, and its tail lost in the depths of the land† (ibid.). Marlow recalled that this snake-like river mesmerized him as if he was a bird.In the beginning of the narration, it is obscure why Marlow, first, refers to Africa among the places unexplored as delightful, and then, suddenly, speaks about â€Å"a place of darkness† (ibid.). We will write a custom essay sample on The Summary Paper: Joseph Conrad’s The Heart of Darkness specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Summary Paper: Joseph Conrad’s The Heart of Darkness specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Summary Paper: Joseph Conrad’s The Heart of Darkness specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer One critic assumed that Africa â€Å"functions in the novel as a ‘foil’ for Europe, constituting a negative, blank space onto which is projected all that Europe does not want to see in itself, everything that is abhorrent and abject† (Brown, 2000, pg. 2). In our minds, snake symbolizes danger and seduction. It seems that the image of mysterious continent seduced Marlow into â€Å"the night journey into the unconscious, and confrontation of an entity within the self† (Guerard, 1987, p. 9).Marlow was not a businessman to get ivory at the Belgian trade stations. He was a sailor of peculiar sort, â€Å"a seaman, but he was a wanderer, too† (Conrad, 1946, p. 48). Marlow refers to the black continent as â€Å"the farthest point of navigation and the culminating point of my experience† (Conrad, 1946, p. 51). To him the desire to reach the river, which he has been dreaming about since the childhood, was somehow unreasonable. â€Å"I must get there by hook or by crook† (Conrad, 1946, p. 53), he explained to the listeners of his story about Mr. Kurtz.From the very beginning, the narrator underlines a strange uneasiness about the travelling obsession, as if â€Å"instead of going to the centre of a continent, I were about to set off for the centre of the earth† (Conrad, 1946, p. 60). The atmosphere of mystery and bad expectations is created by the author through the striking contrasts of dark and light, which are described in details by Marlow. At first thought, a reader thinks of the juxtaposition as natural distinction between England, where â€Å"the water shone pacifically; the sky, without a speck, was a benign immensity of unstained light; the very mist on the Essex marshes was like a gauzy and radiant fabric† (Conrad, 1946, p. 46); and Africa with â€Å"colossal jungle, so dark-green as to be almost black, fringed with white surf† (Conrad, 1946, p. 60). As Guerard puts it, â€Å"the introspective voyager leaves his familiar rational world† (1987, p. 10), where everything is seen through the light lens. On the contrast, African river, the former fairy-tale snake, turns into the â€Å"streams of death in life, whose banks were rotting into mud, whose waters, thickened into slime, invaded the contorted mangroves, that seemed to writhe at us in the extremity of an impotent despair† (Conrad, 1946, p. 62). Guerard on the point of death references states, â€Å"And even Kurtz, shadow and symbol though he be, [†¦] is sharply visualized, an ‘animated image of death,’ a skull and body emerging as from a winding sheet, ‘the cage of his ribs all astir, the bones of his arm waving’† (1987, p. 14), proceeding with the remark, â€Å"This is Africa and its flabby inhabitants† (ibid.). Thus, a negative conceptualization of Africa as a dark, mysterious and perilous place is evident here. There white men become shadows of death and repulsive in their change. Besides scenery-based references to dark and light, there is another important realm where this contrast plays a significant role. That is the relationships of different races on the African continent. Marlow stresses that he is â€Å"not particularly tender† (Conrad, 1946, p. 65). Yet this mature and harsh man is beyond himself with bewilderment, sorrow, disgust and even terror at watching how hard native people were exploited by Belgian colonizers. The scene when he arrives at the trade station and meets the party of chained black starving ragged creatures doing unbearably hard work is striking. He speaks of devils there, comparing â€Å"the devil of violence, and the devil of greed, and the devil of hot desire† (Conrad, 1946, p. 65) to â€Å"a flabby, pretending, weak-eyed devil of a rapacious and pitiless folly† (Conrad, 1946, p. 65), evidently meaning colonization.The key to the understanding of genuine yet implicit motives the author held in mind when contr asting dark and light is Marlow’s reference to England as â€Å"one of the dark places of the earth† (Conrad, 1946, p. 48). He proved his point by reconstructing the behavior of the Romans during the colonization of the British Isles. However, Marlow does not call them colonizers. Neither does he give such name to the Belgian pilgrims in Africa, which means that he â€Å"establishes certain political values† (Guerard, 1987, p. 14). Brown assumes that â€Å"in Marlows account of his journey [†¦] there can be observed an obscure vacillation between the horror as an effect of colonial intervention and the location of the horrors cause as the environment itself† (2000, pg. 6). The negative attitude to colonization, therefore, is implicit in the story, when â€Å"colonial intervention [†¦] loses its possible critical edge by remaining an account merely of atrocious things happening in the colonies. This contrasts to the perversion of the Wests self-image†, as Brown proves (2000, pg. 6). Africa became a suitable territory for â€Å"the devotion to efficiency† (Conrad, 1946, p. 50) with its rich natural resources. There any man of white skin was regarded as â€Å"an emissary of light† (Conrad, 1946, p. 50) regardless of his personal qualities. And native people were seen as black ants in the fierce sun whose destiny was to carry loads and do dirty job. The living symbol of darkness in its specific sense which Conrad creates in the story is Mr. Kurtz, the most successful trading agent of the Company. Marlow is sent to pick him up from the farthest station with his loot of ivory. It appears that speaking about â€Å"heart of darkness† (Conrad, 1946, p. 95), Marlow did not mean the dark tint of African rivers or the dark color of the bush. Instead, he spoke about â€Å"the triumphant darkness† (Conrad, 1946, p. 159) of a white ruthless colonizer like Mr. Kurtz.In the end, Marlow recalls â€Å"the colossal scale of [Kurtz’s] vile desire s, the meanness, the torment, the tempestuous anguish of his soul† (Conrad, 1946, p. 156). A poor man who was unable to marry the woman he loved, Kurtz became a successful trader who served at his best for the Company but never forgot his own promotion. In his strive to be an honoured member of the high and prosperous society, Kurtz stomped over all human virtues of respect, morals, servitude and humanism. The dry heads, which surrounded his last camp in the African wilderness, symbolize the dryness of his human nature. Kurtz was a gifted and charismatic leader. However, he embodies the â€Å"triumph for the wilderness, an invading and vengeful rush† (Conrad, 1946, p. 156). Marlow refers to him as a â€Å"soul satiated with primitive emotions, avid of lying fame, of sham distinction, of all the appearances of success and power† (Conrad, 1946, p. 147). My Intended, my ivory, my station, my river, my everything belonged to him. It made me hold my breath in expectation of hearing the wilderness burst into a prodigious peal of laughter that would shake the fixed stars in their places. Everything belonged to himbut that was a trifle. The thing was to know what he belonged to, how many powers of darkness claimed him for their own. (Conrad, 1946, p. 116)â€Å"Marlows temptation is made concrete through his exposure to Kurtz, a white man and sometime idealist who had fully responded to the wilderness: a potential and fallen self†, Guerard assumes (1987, p. 9). Marlow calls Kurtz devil because no human being is allowed to be so atrocious and reckless in his desire to suppress people who are different than he, a white dominant male. His blindness to diversity – of cultures or human values – drives him to death and creates the atmosphere of darkness dominating.The idea of dominance is criticized by Marlow and Conrad as t he author:The conquest of the earth, which mostly means the taking it away from those who have a different complexion or slightly flatter noses than ourselves, is not a pretty thing when you look into it too much. (Conrad, 1946, p. 50-1) Now we can recall once again the discourse about the Romans colonizing the Britons. Then, Marlow spoke of the warriors amidst the alien tribes who spoke different language, awful climate and etc. â€Å"They were men enough to face the darkness†, he admits almost admiringly (Conrad, 1946, p. 49), meaning that they faced difficulties and performed their duties well. However, closer to the end of the story the narrator seemed to be more indignant with â€Å"the seed of commonwealths, the germs of empires† (Conrad, 1946, p. 47). Those germs, which remind us of some contagious disease, makes one man suppress the other, who is no less unique or significant. The detailed depictions of starving natives aim at teaching the lesson of tolerance and acknowledging the diversity. Kurtz, a white colonizer, in his obsession with power, appears to be more barbarous than the people he suppressed. Though energetic and charismatic, Kuntz dies as well as the idea of colonization in the mode rn world. This proves the initial argument about ominous results cultural and human violation brings to human soul and body.

Biography of Spartacus, a Slave Who Led a Revolt

Biography of Spartacus, a Slave Who Led a Revolt Spartacus (approximately 100–71 BCE), was a gladiator from Thrace who led a major revolt against Rome. Little is known about this fighting slave from Thrace beyond his role in the spectacular revolt that became known as the Third Servile War (73–71 BCE). Sources agree, however, that Spartacus had once fought for Rome as a legionnaire and was enslaved and sold to become a gladiator. In 73 BCE, he and a group of fellow gladiators rioted and escaped. The 78 men who followed him swelled to an army of more than 70,000, which terrified the citizens of Rome as it plundered Italy from Rome to Thurii in present-day Calabria. Fast Facts: Spartacus Known For: Leading a slave revolt against the Roman governmentBorn: Exact date unknown but believed around 100 BCE in ThraceEducation: Gladiatorial school in Capua, north of NaplesDied: Believed in 71 BCE at Rhenium Early Life While little is known about Spartacuss early life, it is believed that he was born in Thrace (in the Balkans). It is likely that he actually served in the Roman Army, though it is unclear why he left. Spartacus, perhaps a captive of a Roman legion and perhaps a former auxiliary himself, was sold in 73 BCE into the service of Lentulus Batiates, a man who taught at a ludus for gladiators in Capua, 20 miles from Mount Vesuvius in Campania. Spartacus trained at the gladiatorial school in Capua. Spartacus the Gladiator In the same year that he was sold, Spartacus and two Gallic gladiators led a riot at the school. Of the 200 slaves at the ludus, 78 men escaped, using kitchen tools as weapons. In the streets, they found wagons of gladiatorial weapons and confiscated them. Now armed, they easily defeated the soldiers who tried stopping them. Stealing military-grade weapons, they set out south to Mount Vesuvius. Three Gallic slaves- Crixus, Oenomaus, and Castus- became, along with Spartacus, the leaders of the band. Seizing a defensive position in the mountains near Vesuvius, they attracted thousands of slaves from the countryside- 70,000 men, with another 50,000 women and children in tow. Early Success The slave rebellion happened at a moment when Romes legions were abroad. Her greatest generals, the consuls Lucius Licinius Lucullus and Marcus Aurelius Cotta, were attending to the subjugation of the Eastern kingdom of Bithynia, a recent addition to the republic. The raids carried out in the Campanian countryside by Spartacus men fell to local officials to mediate. These praetors, including Gaius Claudius Glaber and Publius Varinius, underestimated the training and ingenuity of the slave fighters. Glaber thought he could lay siege to the slave redoubt at Vesuvius, but the slaves dramatically rappelled down the mountainside with ropes fashioned from vines, outflanked Glabers force, and destroyed it. By the winter of 72 BCE, the successes of the slave army alarmed Rome to the degree that consular armies were raised to deal with the threat. Crassus Assumes Control Marcus Licinius Crassus was elected praetor and headed to Picenum to put an end to the Spartacan revolt with 10 legions, some 32,000 to 48,000 trained Roman fighters, plus auxiliary units. Crassus correctly assumed the slaves would head north to the Alps and positioned most of his men to block this escape. Meanwhile, he sent his lieutenant Mummius and two new legions south to pressure the slaves to move north. Mummius had been explicitly instructed not to fight a pitched battle. He had ideas of his own, however, and when he engaged the slaves in battle, he suffered defeat. Spartacus routed Mummius and his legions. They lost not only men and their arms, but later, when they returned to their commander, the survivors suffered the ultimate Roman military punishment- decimation, by order of Crassus. The men were divided into groups of 10 and then drew lots. The unlucky one in 10 was then killed. Meanwhile, Spartacus turned around and headed toward Sicily, planning to escape on pirate ships, not knowing that the pirates had already sailed away. At the Isthmus of Bruttium, Crassus built a wall to block Spartacus escape. When the slaves tried to break through, the Romans fought back and killed about 12,000 of the slaves. Death Spartacus learned that Crassus troops were to be reinforced by another Roman army under Pompey, brought back from Spain. In desperation, he and his slaves fled north, with Crassus at their heels. Spartacus escape route was blocked at Brundisium by a third Roman force recalled from Macedonia. There was nothing left for Spartacus to do but to try to beat Crassus army in battle. The Spartacans were quickly surrounded and butchered, although many men escaped into the mountains. Only 1,000 Romans died. Six thousand of the fleeing slaves were captured by Crassus troops and crucified along the Appian Way, from Capua to Rome. Spartacus body was not found. Because Pompey performed the mopping-up operations, he, and not Crassus, got credit for suppressing the rebellion. The Third Servile War would become a chapter in the struggle between these two great Romans. Both returned to Rome and refused to disband their armies; the two were elected consul in 70 BCE. Legacy Popular culture, including the 1960 film by Stanley Kubrick, has cast the revolt led by Spartacus in political tones as a rebuke to slavery in the Roman republic. There is no historical material to support this interpretation, nor is it known whether Spartacus intended for his force to escape Italy for freedom in their homelands, as Plutarch maintains. The historians Appian and Florian wrote that Spartacus intended to march on the capital itself. Despite the atrocities committed by Spartacus forces and the splintering of his host after disagreements among the leaders, the Third Servile War inspired revolutions successful and unsuccessful throughout history, including Toussaint Louvertures march for Haitian independence. Sources Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. â€Å"Spartacus.† Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, Inc., 22 Mar. 2018. Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. â€Å"Third Servile War.† Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, Inc., 7 Dec. 2017. â€Å"History - Spartacus.† BBC.

6 Email Mistakes that Get You Fired

6 Email Mistakes that Get You Fired We spend a distressing amount of time on email. It’s a bigger and bigger part of our jobs and our lives. It can also be an extremely revealing facet of our personalities and an indicator of how capable we are professionally. We all think we write high-caliber, businesslike emails, but we all get plenty of emails that just aren’t polished enough. Is it possible you might be guilty of substandard email? Here are six things you should make sure you’re not doing.Being forward-happySimply forwarding an email to your coworkers or your boss does not clear you of responsibility. If you really want to disseminate that information, try editing the subject to be more eye-catching, then include a brief, but informative note in the body to introduce the email you are forwarding with the reason you are forwarding it.Being grammar lazyGrammar is not a relic of the past. And people will notice when you disregard it. If you want to be respected, you need to make a habit of drafti ng smart, professional emails. Resist the temptation to express yourself in exclamation points and emoji. Use concise, correct language instead. And remember to be brief.Relying on clichà ©Check the next five emails you write before you send them. Are you using stock clichà ©s and dead language that isn’t yours? Or worse- are you using corporate speak? Talking about â€Å"circling the wagons† or â€Å"digging deep† or other meaningless phrases? Try to keep your language fresh and clean and surgically to the point.IMHO lolzNobody cares that you can use all the trendy acronyms, whether either irony or earnest. There is no place for them in a professional forum. Srlsy.Replying allUnless you have a very good reason to do so- i.e. everyone on that original thread absolutely needs a piece of information that only you possess- just don’t do it. You’ll just clog everybody’s inboxes with an unnecessary reply. If you’re communicating with you r team and boss, leave your boss out of the back-and-forth and CC her only when she needs to be in the loop on a particular message.Cleaning out your inboxIt doesn’t seem like something you might be doing wrong; it’s what organized, productive people do, right? Wrong. Chances are, the time you spend sorting all your emails into file folders is time you could actually spend working and furthering your career.

Lab formal report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Formal - Lab Report Example The liquid is then transferred to boiling water to enhance the vaporization of the fluid. Subsequently, the liquids vapor will drive out air and in turn fill the flask at atmospheric pressure and the temperature of boiling water (Bettelheim & Landesberg, 2013). By cooling the container to facilitate the condensation of the vapor, the mass of the vapor was measured, and the value M calculated. The method depends on several aspects going right. The outstanding assumption is that the liquid is volatile enough to vaporize at relatively higher temperature (Bettelheim & Landesberg, 2013). Moreover, the liquid less volatile thus a smaller quantity will evaporate via the underlying orifice during the cooling process of the container. The vapor behaves ideally at both the temperature and pressure existing in the container’. The error varies from element to element. Acetone gas might have escaped via the stopper and the rest boiled completely to dryness. The experiment was time-consuming. The error between the trials was immense. An error of 11.9 was high but close. High temperature for the water bath was had to achieve resulting to

Exam_Decision support system and business intelligence 2 Essay

Exam_Decision support system and business intelligence 2 - Essay Example It is thus characterized by subject, integration, time and volatility. Subject-oriented – this is the type of data warehousing in which the data is arranged by the subject details that are relevant to the decision support processes thus enable users determine the how and why of the organization’s performance. Integrated-this is the characteristic of data warehouse in which the data is placed from different sources are placed in a consistent format. This is only possible if the data warehouse is dealing with major data warehousing conflicts like naming discrepancies. Time-variant-this is the characteristic of data warehouse that maintains historical data. Time is a very important aspect of warehousing that defines the status of data in real systems. This character is responsible for detecting trends, long-term relationships and deviations that help in comparisons and forecasting which forms a very important part of decision making. Non-volatile- this is the characteristic of data warehouse that ensures that data entered into the data warehouse is not manipulated by users through updating or changing. It also ensures that changes in the data are recorded as new data and obsolete data are discarded. Q2: Natural Language Processing is the mode of representation that was used by early text mining applications to introduce various structures to the text-based documents so that they could cluster them to the natural groupings or classify them to some predetermined classes. In the earlier text mining like bag-of –words the natural language was considered a cluster of words. Texts like paragraphs, sentence or complete document were often represented as a collection of world. This process disregarded the grammar of the text or the order in which these words appeared. Though this model has become obsolete, some document classification tools still use it. This is still applicable in span filtering where the e-mail message